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ANALYSIS OF YANBU CEMENT COMPANY AND IS PRODUCT Name Institution History of YANBU Cement Company YANBU Cement Company is a joint stock Saudi company formed in the year 1977. It produces different kinds of cement such as the Portland cement and the Portland Pozzolan Cement. The company owns about 60% of Yanbu Saudi Kuwait for Paper Products Co. Limited. The company currently has a capacity of 22,500 tpd per day. The company sells most of its products in Makka and Madina and other Western regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The company operates in the rapidly growing Saudi cement industry. Saudi Arabia is the third largest producer of cement after Iran and Egypt. Product, features and history Cement is a finely ground compound of limestone and clay or marl (Chandigarh, 2001). It is used in hydraulic binding since it hardens and binds together aggregates and becomes waterproof thereafter. The most popular use of sand is in building and construction where it is used to bind sand and gravel to obtain concrete used in constructing houses, roads, water channels, among others. Yanbu Cement company produces different types of cement such as Portland cement types I, II, III and IV. Effects of changing prices and other factors Changing prices Yanbu operates in a highly competitive industry with several well-established cement manufacturers. Its main competitors include Saudi Cement, Yanama Cement, Arabian Cement, Qassim Cement, Al Safwa cement, among other cement companies. By the year 2010, Yanbu had the second largest cement production capacity after Saudi Cement. The price charged for each bag of cement is a major determinant of demand for a company’s cement in the market. According to the law of demand, m... ... has contributed to higher volumes of production. Saudi Arabia is endowed with large deposits of limestone making it a suitable location for cement manufacturing. Proximity to the source of raw materials also reduces the transport cost. Finally, government policy influences the supply of cement. A price ceiling on cement leads to a reduction in cement supplied in the domestic market and an increase in the quantity exported. An export ban restricts cement manufacturers to supply their products to the domestic market. In addition, government control is effected through issuance of licenses to cement manufacturers. The cement industry had been dominated by eight companies but this has changed with the issuance of licenses to additional seven companies. An increase in the number of firms licensed to manufacture cement leads to an increase in the supply of cement.

(Cyp 3.1.2.3)

Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice (CYP 3. 1. 2. 3) Jean Piaget is the most widely known of all educational theorists and perhaps the main contributor to current practice of education. Piaget made vast contributions to the direction, meaning and understanding of contemporary constructivism. Examples of Piaget's contributions include his ideas that knowledge should be actively constructed by a child and learning activities should match the level of the development stage of each child. Also, several major approaches to the national curriculum and instruction are based on Piaget’s theory. For instance, Piaget influenced many teaching techniques such as the focus on the process of the child's thinking and the active role of the learner. Piaget's focus on the process of the child thinking promoted the development of the stages of cognitive development. Teachers use the stages in today's classroom as a way to gauge a child's cognitive functioning. This permits the development of activities and learning experiences that are at the correct cognitive development stage for the child's ability to learn. Piaget recognised that children must be self-initiated and actively involved in learning activities. A current application of this concept today can be found, many of the national curriculum material include interactive activities and even educational software for the child to engage in self-controlled learning. Another well known, and perhaps one of the most controversial theorists to date, is Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic theories of development began with the work of Freud, who believed that early childhood experiences had a lasting effect on further development of the individual thus having a lasting influence over the way children are educated today and the psychology behind the way this is executed. For example, early education through play, making it both an enjoyable and positive experience for children. Abraham Maslow developed a humanistic theory that has influenced education. This wide influence is due in part to the high level of practicality of Maslow's theory, many people find they can understand what Maslow says and they can relate to some features of their experience or behaviour which they have never put into words. Humanists do not believe that human beings are pushed and pulled by mechanical forces, either of stimuli and reinforcements (behaviorism) or of unconscious instinctual impulses (psychoanalysis). Humanists focus upon potentials, they believe that individuals strive for an upper level of capabilities and seek the frontiers of creativity, the highest reaches of consciousness and wisdom. Maslow calls this level â€Å"self-actualisation† within his ‘hierarchy of needs’. Maslow believes that the only reason that an individual would not move well in the direction of self-actualisation is because of hindrances placed in their way by society. He states that education is one of these hindrances, he recommends ways education can switch from its usual person-stunting tactics to person-growing approaches. JOANNE CORBETT Maslow states that educators should respond to the potential an individual has for growing into a self-actualising person and this has had great influence over the way education is now taught. Teachers are striving for holistic individual learning experiences rather than mass class lead approaches, current practice includes ability grouping and resources put in place for ‘gifted and talented’ children. The frameworks for current practice are mainly based around an holistic approach. Social pedagogy supports development and assumes a holistic approach to children’s needs – health, schooling, leisure, family life, spiritual life and so on – the whole child. It collaborates education with all other areas involved in how a child develops. Albert Bandura plays a major part in holistic development today; he is thought to be one of the most influential theorists of current education, with his social learning theory which believes people learn new behaviour through observational learning of the social factors in their environment. For example, if people observe positive, desired outcomes, then they are more likely to model, imitate and adopt the behaviour themselves. Teachers now understand the importance of providing a professional, positive role model for children to look up to. Burrhus Frederic Skinner is the American theorist behind operant conditioning which deals with the modification of â€Å"voluntary† (operant) behaviour. Operant conditioning is maintained by its consequences of reinforcement and punishment, both positive and negative. One of the distinctive aspects of Skinner's theory is that it attempted to provide behavioural explanations for a broad range of cognitive phenomena. For example, Skinner explained motivation in terms of deprivation and reinforcement schedules therefore perant conditioning has been widely applied within teaching with the use of positive reinforcement particularly for motivation and classroom management. Which bring us to our final theorist, John Watson who developed behaviourism with classical conditioning, most controversially with â€Å"Little Albert† a 9 month old boy he (along with Rayner) conditioned to be afraid of a white rat, where the stimuli was moderated (as oppose to Skinner, who moderates the response). Teachers are able to apply classical conditioning in the class by creating a positive classroom environment to help children overcome anxiety or fear. Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation, such as performing in front of a group, with pleasant surroundings helps the child learn new associations. Instead of feeling anxious and tense in these situations, the child will learn to stay relaxed and calm. This essay is not exhaustive of the many theories which have enriched education and the way it is currently practiced but merely gives an overview of some of the leading theorists that are utilised within schools today. 901 WordsJOANNE CORBETT

What Is Minority Serving Institutions - 916 Words

â€Å"Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) are an understudied institutional type. The dearth of data has not only resulted in general misunderstandings about them, but also means that there are many rich veins of research waiting to be explored† (Commodore, Abiola, Ramos, Gasman, 2015, p. 2). The â€Å"misunderstanding† that often surrounds MSIs extends to both women’s colleges and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and the students who choose to attend them. These institutions must balance their unique histories and specific missions, while simultaneously adapting to an ever-changing social landscape. While women’s colleges must fight the traditional ideas of what a woman is and is not, HBCUs must address systems of†¦show more content†¦While this bill undoubtedly aligned with the mission and purpose of women’s colleges, there remains an unbalanced amount of representation of women in STEM programs and careers. â⠂¬Å"Globally, women remain particularly behind in participation at elite institutions and in traditional ‘male’ fields of study including science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, or STEM† (Renn, 2014, p. 3). While the very existence of women’s colleges asserts their right to belong within realms of higher education, the work towards equity and inclusion must take place in all facets of life. â€Å"Even where women outnumber men in undergraduate enrollments and enjoy full access to higher education, women’s institutions act symbolically to remind society that in many other domains of public and private life, gender equality remains elusive† (Renn, 2014, p. 125). Together women’s colleges and HBCUs have helped increase the access that individuals with minoritized backgrounds have to higher education. Since the establishment of the first HBCU in 1837, these institutions have maintained a long tradition of welcoming students who society systematically excluded from formal education (Gasman Hilton, 2012). â€Å"During the time of slavery, it was a statutory crime in every state in the South but Tennessee to teach a Black person to readShow MoreRelatedThe Male Student Of Color1497 Words   |  6 Pagesone of many college and universities around the country most at risk population. Institutions around the country are looking for innovating ways to keep this population engaged and enrolled. In order to improve retention and success rates of the male of color, administrators at Cuyahoga Community College created the Minority Male Initiative to provide high quality student support services to this population. 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